McKean-Sewer Science

McKean-Data Collection:

1. Cut and paste any sections from your pre-lab that fit into this sectio                          ph ph average change turb  turb average change   ammon.  ammon. average change

Initial

Primary
treatment

Secondary
treatment

Tertiary
treatment

Write out any calculations you will use, even for simple figures like total change.

pH-pH value   Turbidity-ppm  Ammonia-((NH3/NH4+) ppm (mg/L))

1. What graph do you purpose would be the appropriate presentation of this data? Line graphs

Waste water lab prewrite

Copy and paste these directions into a new Google Doc titled “Last Name-Sewer Science Pre-Lab.”  You can turn this is by posting it to your blog, emailing as an attachment or link, or as a paper copy next class.  The following questions and statements are suggestions straight from our lab rubrics.  Remove the numbers and questions in your response.
Planning:

1. Of sedimentation, aeration, and disinfection, which is the most effective at purifying waste water?

1. Identify the following variables.

   Independent Variable (units)	Waste water
   Dependent Variable (units)	Cleanliness of water after purification
   Constant Variables	same water run through each test
   Control	pure water

   1. What relevant background information would be useful to reader’s of your lab?  
   1. This is normally done in paragraph form.  Make sure to cite sources. Consider these questions:
   1. Waste water is up to 50 percent of the water in the Tualatin river. Waste water consists of 27 percent of municipal water if it were to be reused.
   2. Primary treatment is used to remove floatable and settleable solids. Water sits still and the solids are removed from the top and bottom, leaving suspended and dissolved solids in the water. Secondary treatment uses microorganisms to remove solids further, microorganisms attach themselves to solids in aeration (air is pumped in to support microorganisms), then microorganisms are removed in Secondary clarification, leaving less suspended and organic solids in the water. Tertiary treatment uses chemicals. Polymer and alum are added to the water making a sludge with the solids in it, sinking to the bottom to be removed. Water then goes through a mixed medium filter of sand, coal, and garnet sand to remove small particles, and then gets dechlorinated before being returned to a source.
   3. Clean water costs millions of dollars (13million for one plant) but can return enough water to make up a quarter of all water used by people if recycled. Treated wastewater also makes up a large portion of american rivers, by being clean our rivers stay clearer. There are many jobs in waste water management, creating a nice boost to the economy.
   4. One advantage is to see how effective water treatment is, and if effective, could help raise the possibility of reusing waste water. A disadvantage is that many of the ingredients in the “waste water” are just representations of waste and may or may not behave the same as regular waste.
   5. Sources: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/10/science/earth/despite-yuck-factor-treated-wastewater-used-for-drinking.html?_r=2&scp=1&sq=yuck%20factor&st=cse and the presentation last class
   1. What is your procedure/method?
   1. Measure waste and record exact amount used
   2. Add to 1 liter of water
   3. Discuss what each type of “waste” represents
   4. Collect representative samples
   5. Analyze the waste water
   6. Observe sedimentation tank
   7. Analyze waste water
   8. Transfer waste water to Aeration Basin
   9. Analyze results from Biological Treatment after Flocculation and Sedimentation
   10. Set filter by lab sink
   11. unclasp bottom tube
   12. transfer 2 liters of water from sedimentation tank through basin with filter pour first liter down sink
   13. add 2 drops of bleach per liter, stir and let sit 10 minutes
   14. test quality of filtered water
   1. What are your predictions?
   
   my guess is that the sedimentation tank will remove the most water because the large surface area of the sediment will catch a lot of the contaminants.
   2. pollution in parts per million
   1. at least a million parts per test

Population Models

Population is a complex issue that involves cultural norms, consumption patterns, and constant change.  By visiting the following sites you will model different factors of population growth, by comparing it to other species, analyzing resource use, and calculating your own impact.  Visit each website, and answer the questions that follow. (You may need to search around a bit.)
World Population Balance: http://www.worldpopulationbalance.org/content/earth-clock

1. How many years of oil do they expect we have? (Show your work.)

14216 days/ 365 days a year= 38.94 years of oil left

1. Click on “Understanding Population Growth” on the left.

1. Relate the bacteria in the bottle demonstration to human population growth.

each person having two children will double the population, their children having 2 children will quadruple, and so on

1. Record the formula for calculating doubling time: _70/% growth____________________
2. What is this called?  ___________________the rule of 70_____________

1. India’s Natural Increase Rate is 1.9. How long will it take them to double their population if that rate continues?

70/1.9=36.8years

1. How many years will it take for the global population to double with a NIR of 1.09?

70/1.09=64.2

1. How do the authors see population and consumption related?

The more population, the more people there are to consume, more population equals more consumption

NOT MEETING	Meets (4)	EXCEEDS (5)
SOME PART OF THE MEETS REQUIREMENTS IS MISSING, PLEASE CORRECT AND TURN IN BY NEXT CLASS.	Answers are complete and show understanding of population growth and appropriate vocabulary.	… AND explanations are correct and discussion of limitations is complete and accurate.

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Global Footprint Network: http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/basics_introduction/
Footprints show the area of land or energy resources needed to provide a population with resources and assimilate waste.  It can provide quantitative assessment of a population’s impact.  An approximate formula for footprint is the sum of the two formulas below, multiplied by total population.

1. What limitations do you see with the above formulas?  (What is missing?)

Damage to the environment
Visit the link for the Global Footprint Network

1. How many earths would be needed if the global population led an American lifestyle?

five Earths

1. Define biocapacity?

Capacity of ecosystems to pruduce useful biological materials and to absorb CO2 generated by humans, using current management schemes and extraction technologies

1. Calculate your footprint. How many earths do you require?  _________________

5.2 earths

2. What activities contributed most to your impact (Think beyond the category headings)?

MEAT!!!!!! and electricity usage

1. Compare the national footprints for a MEDC and a LEDC.  Highlight the major reasons and differences behind the figure.

   	MEDC	LEDC
   Country Name	Japan	Uganda
   Graphic	Bottom of Post	Bottom of Post
   Reasons/ differences	The Japanese have enough money per person to drive, buy things and use electrical devices, causing much more emissions	The Ugandans are poorer and can’t afford to drive, use electrical devices, and buy new technology. There is also less technology there causing Ugandans to do things without causing emissions

   1. Conclusion: You have already been introduced to a few population models, including Erlich’s I=PAT, sex/age pyramids from different countries, and the consumption models.
   1. Which model do you find the most helpful in explaining how populations grow?
   
   I find the Demographic Transitions model the most helpful. It shows how country’s populations change over the course of their devolpment
   2. Which model do you find most helpful in explaining the impact of populations?  
   
   Erlich’s model: It shows how each person uses technology and money, multiplying their effects
   3. Pick any model you have studied and summarize its strengths and weaknesses.
   
   Demographic Transitions model: Strength- shows hows medicine and technology affect birth and death rates. Weakness- Doesn’t take cultural practices and beliefs in account, or immigration
   4. Give three reasons why estimating our carrying capacity is difficult.
   
   Humans change their carrying capacity every time we develop new agricultural or efficient technologies. Carrying Capacity can change every day